monofluorophosphates

Monofluorophosphates are salts and esters derived from monofluorophosphoric acid in which one oxygen atom of the phosphate group is replaced by a fluorine atom. The key anion is the monofluorophosphate ion, with formula [PO3F]2−, a tetrahedral phosphorus(V) center bonded to three oxygens and one fluorine. Common salts include sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F) and potassium monofluorophosphate (K2PO3F).

In aqueous solution, monofluorophosphates can undergo hydrolysis, releasing fluoride ions and phosphate-related species. The rate and extent of fluoride release depend on pH, temperature, and the nature of the accompanying cation. This property underpins their use as a fluoride source in various applications, particularly in dental care products.

Production and availability: monofluorophosphates are produced commercially as salts such as Na2PO3F and K2PO3F. They are prepared by reacting phosphate derivatives with fluoride donors and are sold for use in consumer products as well as in some specialty chemical formulations. They are distinct from other fluorophosphate species, such as difluorophosphates or hexafluorophosphates, which differ in the number of fluorine substitutions.

Applications: the most notable use is as a fluoride source in toothpaste and other oral care products, where gradual release of fluoride can contribute to caries prevention. They are sometimes preferred for their handling characteristics and compatibility with other toothpaste ingredients.

Safety and handling: monofluorophosphates are handled as chemical reagents and should be used according to standard safety practices. At regulated concentrations in consumer products they are considered safe for their intended use; ingestion of large quantities can pose fluoride-related health risks.