milieueffectbeoordeling

Milieueffectbeoordeling, often translated as environmental impact assessment (EIA), is a systematic process used to identify, predict, evaluate, and mitigate the potential environmental effects of proposed projects, plans, or programmes before decisions are made. The aim is to prevent or reduce negative impacts on areas such as air, water, soil, biodiversity, noise, landscape, cultural heritage, and climate, and to consider alternatives.

In the European context, EIA is mandated by directives and implemented in national laws; many member states also require assessments for policies and programmes under related environmental assessment frameworks. In the Netherlands, the term Milieueffectbeoordeling refers to the assessment process, with the main output being the Milieueffectrapport (MER), the environmental impact report used in decision-making for permits and project approvals. Public participation and stakeholder consultation are integral parts of the procedure.

Typical steps include screening (determining whether an EIA is required), scoping (defining key issues and information needs), collection of baseline data, impact prediction and significance assessment, consideration of alternatives, design of mitigation measures or avoidance strategies, and monitoring and follow-up plans. The MER documents the findings, predicted effects, proposed mitigation measures, residual impacts after mitigation, and monitoring commitments.

Outcomes of the process can influence project design, permitting decisions, and conditions for implementation and monitoring. The procedure serves to promote sustainable development by providing transparent information to authorities, stakeholders, and the public, enabling informed choices and accountability.