metaniobate

Metaniobate refers to the niobate ion NbO3−, a negatively charged oxide species derived from niobic acid. In this framework, niobium is in the +5 oxidation state and is coordinated by oxide ligands, giving a monoanionic NbO3− unit. In solution and in solids, metaniobate species can stack or polymerize to form larger niobate networks depending on pH, counterions, and hydration.

The term also applies to salts and materials containing the metaniobate anion, NbO3−, such as alkali or alkaline earth metaniobates with formulas like M NbO3. These compounds are typically prepared by deprotonation or neutralization of metaniobic acids or by solid-state reactions involving niobium oxide and the corresponding cation source. In many cases, metaniobate salts serve as precursors to niobate ceramics and related materials.

Applications of metaniobate-containing compounds span catalysis, electrochemistry, and materials science. They are used as starting materials for the synthesis of niobate-based ceramics and perovskite-like materials with potential infrared, optical, or ferroelectric properties. Some metaniobates act as photocatalysts or as precursors to more complex oxide structures when subjected to heat treatment or doping.

Safety and handling follow standard inorganic salt precautions. Niobate materials are generally stable solids, but care should be taken to avoid inhalation of powders and to prevent contact with skin and eyes. Further characterization typically employs techniques such as X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscopy to elucidate structural and compositional details.