mayoritaria

Mayoritaria is an adjective used to describe something relating to or determined by the majority. The term appears in political, legal, social and corporate contexts and generally contrasts with minority or plural forms of representation or control. In democratic settings, majority rule is a common principle whereby decisions are taken by the side that commands more than half of votes or seats.

There are several types of majorities. A simple or relative majority is the largest share among options, not necessarily over 50%. An absolute or majority requires more than half of the votes cast or eligible voters. A qualified or supermajority sets a higher threshold, such as two-thirds or three-fifths, for certain decisions, often those affecting constitutional changes or major policy shifts.

In politics, a government or coalition described as mayoritaria relies on a majority of seats to pass legislation without the need for broad cross-party support. This can lead to faster decision-making but may raise concerns about the protection of minority rights and democratic pluralism. Electoral systems that favor majorities, such as first-past-the-post, tend to produce majority governments and can influence party dynamics.

In corporate governance, control mayoritario refers to ownership or voting power held by a majority shareholder or group, enabling decisive influence over boards and strategy. This concentration of power underscores the need for fiduciary duties, transparency and minority protections to prevent abuse and ensure fair treatment.

Safeguards to mitigate the risks of mayoritaria governance include constitutional checks, judicial review, and electoral or corporate rules designed to protect minority interests. See also: majority rule, qualified majority, proportional representation, minority rights.