lectótipo

A lectotype is a specific type of nomenclatural type used in biological taxonomy. When the original material (syntypes) used to describe a new species is lost, insufficient, or unclear, a taxonomist may designate a lectotype from among the remaining syntypes. This designated specimen then serves as the authoritative reference for the species name.

The designation of a lectotype is a crucial step in ensuring taxonomic stability. It provides a single, identifiable specimen that the species name is permanently linked to. This prevents ambiguity and helps researchers around the world confidently identify and classify organisms. The process of lectotypification is governed by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN).

The chosen lectotype must be a specimen that was part of the original type series. It is important that the lectotype clearly exhibits the diagnostic characters described in the original publication. Once a lectotype has been designated and published, it cannot be changed. This principle of stability is central to biological nomenclature, allowing for consistent and reliable scientific communication.