kõhunäärmes

Kõhunääre, also known as the pancreas, is a gland organ in the upper abdomen. It is about 15 cm long and is located behind the stomach. The pancreas has two main functions: producing digestive enzymes and producing hormones.

The exocrine function of the pancreas involves producing digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestine. These enzymes, such as amylase, lipase, and proteases, help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins from the food we eat. This process is crucial for nutrient absorption and overall digestion.

The endocrine function of the pancreas involves producing hormones that are released directly into the bloodstream. The most important of these hormones are insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing cells to absorb glucose from the blood. Glucagon has the opposite effect, raising blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose. These hormones are vital for maintaining energy balance and preventing conditions like diabetes.

Several medical conditions can affect the pancreas. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, which can be acute or chronic. Pancreatic cancer is a serious disease where cancerous cells form in the tissues of the pancreas. Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 1 and type 2, is strongly linked to the pancreas's inability to produce or effectively use insulin.