ksztatuje

Ksztatuje is the third-person singular present tense form of the Polish verb ksztaltowac (kształtować), meaning to form, shape, or mold something. The infinitive ksztaltowac denotes the general act of giving form, while ksztatuje describes a present, ongoing shaping performed by a subject.

Grammatical properties and usage: ksztatuje is an imperfective, active, transitive verb. It generally requires a direct object in the accusative and can refer to shaping physical material, as well as to shaping non-physical things such as plans, forms, or character. In everyday language it appears in both concrete contexts (manufacturing, sculpture, carpentry) and figurative ones (ksztatuje charakter, ksztaltuje postawy).

Related forms and terminology: The noun ksztalt means shape or form, and the process is ksztaltowanie or ksztaltowanie materialow. Related verbs include formowac and modelowac, which can convey similar ideas in different contexts. The term is common in design, engineering, arts, and education, reflecting the broad concept of giving form.

Etymology and nuance: The verb is formed from the noun ksztalt (shape) with the verb-forming suffix -owac, aligning with Polish patterns for action verbs derived from nouns. It conveys both literal shaping of substances like clay, stone, or metal, and metaphorical shaping of ideas, behavior, or structures.

Examples: Rzezbiarz ksztaltuje posag z gliny. Inzynier ksztatuje elementy obudowy z metalu. Trening ksztatuje nawyki ucznia, kształtujac jego charakter.