komposisional

Komposisional, or compositional, is a property of a system in which the meaning or behavior of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its parts and the rules used to combine them. It is a foundational principle in linguistics, formal semantics, mathematics, and computer science.

In linguistics, the Fregean principle of compositionality states that the meaning of a sentence is a function of the meanings of its constituents and the syntactic rules used to combine them. This framework allows complex sentences to be analyzed by building up from words and phrases. Not all expressions are fully compositional, however; idioms and fixed phrases may convey meanings not directly predictable from their parts.

In mathematics and computer science, compositionality appears as function composition: the composition f ∘ g is a new function defined by applying g and then f. The property supports modular reasoning and scalable design, enabling complex systems to be understood by examining their components and how they are connected. In programming languages, compositional semantics help ensure that program behavior follows from structure, supporting practices such as data pipelines, modular software design, and the use of algebraic data types.

Applications of the concept span natural language processing, formal semantics, software engineering, and related fields. It also informs areas such as music theory and design, where larger works or systems are analyzed in terms of how smaller motifs or components are combined. The term is used across languages, including Indonesian, where komposisional denotes the same principle of building complex meaning or effect from simpler parts.