knievervangers

Knievervangers, or knee prostheses, are implants used to replace damaged knee joints. They are employed in orthopedic surgery to relieve pain, restore alignment and improve function in people with severe knee disease or injury. The field is commonly referred to as knee arthroplasty.

The main types are total knee replacement (TKA), unicompartmental or partial knee replacement (UKA), and revision knee replacement. A knee prosthesis typically includes three components: a femoral component that caps the end of the thigh bone, a tibial component that sits on the shin bone, and, if used, a patellar component that replaces the kneecap surface. The bearing surface is usually a polyethylene insert.

Materials commonly used are metal alloys such as cobalt-chromium or titanium for the components, with a durable polyethylene bearing. Fixation may be cemented to bone, press-fit (cementless), or a hybrid approach, chosen based on patient age, bone quality and surgeon preference.

Indications include end-stage osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), certain deformities and failed knee injuries. Outcomes generally include substantial pain relief, improved range of motion and function, enabling more normal daily activities. Longevity depends on several factors, with modern implants often lasting 15-20 years or longer in many patients.

Risks include infection, blood clots, prosthesis loosening or wear, fracture surrounding the implant, and nerve or vessel injury. Rehabilitation focuses on pain control, early mobilization, progressive weight-bearing and physical therapy to strengthen supporting muscles. Regular follow-up and imaging monitor implant position and wear, and revisions may be needed if complications arise.