ketinggalan

Ketinggalan is an Indonesian term describing the state of being left behind or out of date. It functions as an adjective or as a predicative form of a verb, applied to people, objects, or processes that lag in time, information, or development. The word is formed from the root tinggal with the affixes ke- and -an to express a stative condition of lateness or delay.

In common use, ketinggalan appears in expressions such as ketinggalan kereta (missing the train), ketinggalan zaman (out of date), or ketinggalan berita (not up to date with news). The term can describe a temporary delay, as in missing a transportation schedule, or a broader, longer-term lag in knowledge, technology, or social trends.

Examples include: Saya ketinggalan kereta karena kemacetan. Ia ketinggalan zaman jika tidak mengikuti perkembangan teknologi. Jangan ketinggalan berita penting dengan tetap memantau sumber informasi.

Nuances of the word emphasize the condition of the subject itself being behind, rather than attributing the delay solely to external factors. It is commonly used across everyday speech, education, business, and media to convey that someone or something has not kept pace with others.

Related terms and contrasts include tertinggal, which also conveys being left behind but is often used in passive or external contexts, and maju or terdepan as antonyms indicating progress or being ahead. Ketinggalan is versatile for describing lateness in time, information, or development.