kateter

A kateter (catheter) is a flexible tube inserted into the body to drain fluids or deliver medications and other substances. They are used in a range of medical settings to provide urinary drainage, vascular access for drugs or fluids, sampling, or monitoring of bodily functions. Catheters can be designed for short-term use during procedures or longer-term placement when ongoing access is needed.

Common types include urinary catheters, such as indwelling urethral Foley catheters and intermittent catheters, and suprapubic catheters. Vascular catheters, including central venous catheters, provide access to large veins for medications, nutrition, or hemodialysis. There are also arterial catheters used for continuous blood pressure monitoring and frequent blood sampling. Catheter designs vary by the number of lumens, material (such as latex, silicone, or polyurethane), and special features like inflatable balloons for retention or side holes for drainage.

Catheters are typically made to be biocompatible and sterile to minimize infection and tissue irritation. Common features include multiple lumens for separation of functions, smooth surfaces to reduce trauma, and attachments for securing the device and collecting drainage away from the patient. Insertion and maintenance require aseptic technique and, for many catheters, a closed drainage system to limit contamination. Catheter care includes securing the device, keeping drainage bags below the access site, and timely removal when no longer needed.

Potential complications include catheter-associated infections, urethral or vascular injury, blockages, encrustation, and allergic reactions to materials. Proper indication, insertion by trained staff, and regular evaluation of the need for a catheter are essential to minimize risks. In Turkish medical contexts, the term kateter is commonly used for these devices.