juridicas

Juridicas is a term used in legal contexts to refer to legal entities, also known as personas jurídicas in Spanish-speaking traditions. These are entities that have a separate legal personality from the individuals who compose them, allowing them to own property, enter contracts, sue and be sued, and continue existing beyond the life of their members. They contrast with natural persons (personas físicas), whose rights and obligations are borne personally.

A legal entity is created and recognized by law. Its existence typically begins with registration or incorporation through the appropriate government or civil registry, followed by the submission of foundational documents such as statutes or by-laws, and adherence to governance and reporting requirements. Once established, the entity can act in its own name, independent of its members, and its liability is generally distinct from that of its owners or founders.

Types of juridicas include corporations, limited liability companies, associations, foundations, cooperatives, and charitable or non-profit organizations. Public bodies and some professional bodies may also be considered juridicas. The form chosen affects capacity, governance structure, taxation, and liability; for example, most corporate entities provide limited liability to their shareholders, while certain partnerships may entail joint or unlimited liability for participants.

Rights and duties of juridicas encompass property ownership, contract enforcement, employment relationships, and participation in legal proceedings. While juridical entities do not possess human rights, they enjoy civil and economic rights under the law. The concept and specific rules governing juridicas vary by jurisdiction, but the underlying principle is the recognition of entities as separate, capable subjects of rights and obligations within the legal system.