jodiyhdisteet

Jodiyhdisteet are chemical compounds that contain iodine (I) in various oxidation states and chemical environments. They include inorganic iodides (I−), oxoanions such as iodate (IO3−) and periodate (IO4−), as well as polyhalogen species, and a wide range of organoiodine compounds in which iodine is covalently bound to carbon. The iodine-containing class spans both simple salts and more complex organic molecules, and includes some radioactive isotopes used in medicine.

Inorganic iodides and oxoanions: Sodium iodide (NaI) and potassium iodide (KI) are common iodide salts. Iodates and periodates serve as oxidizing agents and in flour fortification. In solution iodine forms various polyiodide species such as I3−. Interhalogen compounds such as ICl also fall under the broader category of iodine-containing compounds.

Organic iodides: Iodomethane (CH3I), iodobenzene (C6H5I), and related compounds are used in organic synthesis, including as leaving groups in SN2 reactions and in the preparation of pharmaceuticals and polymers. Iodinated contrast agents, which contain multiple iodine atoms in aromatic rings, are used in radiographic imaging. Radioactive iodine isotopes, notably iodine-123 and iodine-131, are used in diagnostic imaging and therapy for thyroid conditions.

Occurrence, production, and safety: Iodine occurs naturally in seawater and certain mineral brines; it is extracted and concentrated for commercial use. Jodiyhdisteet encompass both stable and radioactive forms; exposure and intake are regulated because excessive iodine can affect thyroid function. Proper handling and dosing are essential in medical uses.