italiani

Italians, or italiani, are the citizens of the Republic of Italy or people of Italian ancestry. The term can denote both a civic identity and an ethnic-cultural one, with its meaning varying by context. The modern Italian nation emerged in the 19th century during the Risorgimento, culminating in the unification of Italy in 1861 and the incorporation of Rome in 1870–71. The Italian Constitution of 1948 defines citizenship and guarantees civil rights to all citizens, including those born in Italy and those born abroad to Italian parents. Italian law also provides for dual or multiple citizenship in certain cases.

The official language is Italian, spoken nationwide. In addition, Italy has numerous regional languages and dialects, such as Sicilian, Neapolitan, Lombard, Venetian, and Sardinian, among others. Standard Italian is largely based on the Tuscan dialect and is used in education, media, and public life.

Italy's geography and regional diversity shape its culture. Italians have made substantial contributions to art, music, literature, science, cuisine, and design. Religion has historically played a significant role, particularly Catholicism, though modern Italy is a secular state with religious diversity and freedom of belief.

As of the early 2020s, the population of Italy is about 60 million. The Italian diaspora is sizable, with communities abroad in the Americas, Europe, and beyond. Migration, both historical and contemporary, has contributed to cultural exchange and the presence of Italian traditions in many countries.

Italian identity often blends a shared national culture with strong regional traditions, including distinctive cuisines, festivals, and dialects, making the term italiani a plural label for a diverse and dynamic population.