iodato

Iodato, or iodate, refers to the IO3− group and to compounds containing that group. The iodate ion carries iodine in the +5 oxidation state and three oxygen atoms. In salts, iodate forms with various cations such as potassium, sodium, calcium, or ammonium, giving substances like potassium iodate (KIO3) and sodium iodate (NaIO3). Iodate can also describe related organoiodine derivatives that incorporate the iodate moiety.

Occurrence and properties: In natural waters, iodide can be oxidized to iodate by various oxidants. Iodate is typically the dominant iodine species in neutral to basic conditions, while acidic solutions can convert iodate to iodic acid (HIO3). Iodate ions are generally stable under these conditions and can be reduced back to iodide in redox processes.

Preparation and production: Industrially, iodate salts are produced by oxidizing iodide or by treating iodic acid with bases such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide to form potassium iodate or sodium iodate. These salts can be crystallized and purified for commercial use.

Applications: The primary use of iodate salts is dietary iodine fortification; potassium iodate is commonly employed to iodize table salt because it offers stability under certain storage conditions. In analytical chemistry, iodates serve as oxidizing agents and are used in iodometric titrations to determine oxidizing capacity. Iodates also appear in organic synthesis and in certain disinfectant formulations, subject to regulatory and safety considerations.

Safety and handling: Iodate salts are oxidizers and should be stored away from combustible materials. Excessive ingestion can affect thyroid function, and handling should follow applicable safety guidelines and regulatory limits. Proper disposal and transport regulations apply to iodate-containing compounds.