intervencije

Intervencija (plural intervencije) is a deliberate action intended to influence a process, event, or condition. It is planned and purposive and may aim to prevent, treat, correct, or stabilize a situation. The concept spans medicine, psychology, social policy, international relations, and other fields. Etymology traces to Latin intervenire, “to come between.”

In health care and medicine, interventions include surgical procedures, pharmaceutical treatments, vaccines, and preventive measures such as screening programs. In psychology and education, interventions are programs or therapies designed to change beliefs, behaviors, or skills. In social policy, interventions are government or organizational programs and policies aimed at improving health, welfare, housing, employment, or social inclusion, and are evaluated for effectiveness and equity. In international relations, external interventions—ranging from humanitarian aid to sanctions or military actions—seek to influence events in another country and raise debates about sovereignty, legality, and ethics. In economics and business, regulatory or market interventions, such as subsidies, taxes, or tariffs, shape incentives and outcomes.

Assessment and ethics are central to interventions. Effective interventions rely on evidence, clear objectives, and risk management, including informed consent and respect for autonomy when applicable. Evaluation uses outcomes, comparison groups, and sometimes randomized designs to determine benefits and harms. Unintended consequences, cultural context, and resource constraints can limit success.

Overall, interventions cover both individual-level actions and broad systemic programs, with ongoing consideration of when intervention is appropriate and how to minimize harm while maximizing public benefit. See also effectiveness, ethics, and evaluation.