hiponatrémiában

Hyponatremia is a medical condition characterized by a lower than normal concentration of sodium in the blood. Sodium is an electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and nerve function. When sodium levels drop too low, water can move into cells, causing them to swell.

There are various causes of hyponatremia, including excessive water intake, certain medications like diuretics, heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, and hormonal imbalances such as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Symptoms can range from mild to severe and depend on how quickly the sodium levels fall. Mild symptoms may include nausea, headache, and fatigue. More severe symptoms can involve confusion, seizures, muscle weakness, and even coma.

Diagnosis is typically made through a blood test that measures electrolyte levels. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. For mild cases, it may involve restricting fluid intake or adjusting medications. In more severe cases, intravenous solutions containing sodium may be administered. Rapid correction of severe hyponatremia can be dangerous and lead to serious neurological complications. Therefore, treatment is carefully managed by healthcare professionals.