headbutten

Headbutten is a term used to describe a strike in which the head contacts an opponent, typically with the forehead or part of the skull. In English, the standard word is headbutt (or head-butt); headbutten appears as a less common variant or transliteration in some languages and contexts.

Headbutts have appeared in various forms of combat, self-defense, and sport. In organized competitions, headbutts are usually illegal due to the risk of serious injury and are penalized with fouls, disqualifications, or suspensions. Some traditions or demonstrations may depict or simulate headbutts without intent to injure.

Physically, a headbutt involves contact powered by the head as a striking implement, with potential injury to both participants. Possible injuries include facial fractures, dental trauma, eye damage, concussions, and neck strain. Because the move relies on head contact, there is also a risk of injury to the striker.

One widely known incident involving a headbutt is Zinedine Zidane's headbutt of Marco Materazzi during the 2006 FIFA World Cup final, which led to Zidane's sending-off and a ban. The episode underscored both the notoriety and dangers associated with the move.

Headbutten remains a controversial and generally discouraged technique in modern sport and self-defense, valued neither for safety nor sportsmanship. It is typically addressed through rule-based prohibitions and a training emphasis on de-escalation and avoidance.