gynecologische

Gynecological medicine, or gynecology, is the branch of medicine focused on the female reproductive system. It covers health concerns relating to the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, vulva, and breasts, including menstruation, fertility, pregnancy, menopause, and cancer of reproductive organs. In many settings, gynecology is practiced together with obstetrics in obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN).

Common conditions include endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), abnormal uterine bleeding, cervical dysplasia, infections such as pelvic inflammatory disease, and gynecologic cancers (cervical, endometrial, ovarian). Prevention and screening—such as pelvic examinations, Pap tests, and HPV testing—play a central role.

Diagnostic methods include physical and pelvic examination, ultrasound (including transvaginal), laboratory tests, and, when needed, MRI or CT. Treatments range from medical management (hormonal therapy, antibiotics) to surgical interventions (laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, hysterectomy, oophorectomy).

Subspecialties within gynecology include reproductive endocrinology and infertility, urogynecology, gynecologic oncology, and maternal-fetal medicine in coordination with obstetrics. Training requires medical school, a residency in obstetrics and gynecology, board certification, and ongoing continuing education. The field emphasizes patient-centered care, informed consent, and evidence-based practice.