gaussmeters

A gaussmeter is an instrument used to measure the magnetic flux density B, commonly reported in gauss (G) or tesla (T). They are widely used in research and industry to characterize magnetic fields produced by permanent magnets, electromagnets, electrical devices, or ambient stray fields. Most gaussmeters use a Hall-effect sensor or similar magnetic field sensor at the probe tip; the sensor converts magnetic induction into an electrical voltage, which is processed by internal electronics and displayed as a field value. Some models employ magnetoresistive sensors or fluxgate technology, especially for higher bandwidth or higher field strengths.

Gaussmeters come in handheld or benchtop form. Handheld devices often include a small probe that can be held close to a surface; benchtop systems include one or more fixed sensors for field mapping. They can measure direct current (DC) fields and, in many models, time-varying or alternating magnetic fields (AC), and some provide true three-axis measurements. Measurement ranges and sensitivity vary widely, with typical devices covering from milligauss to tens of kilogauss (roughly microtesla to tesla scale), depending on the sensor and electronics. Resolution, accuracy, temperature compensation, and response time are key specifications.

Calibration is essential; devices are factory-calibrated and may be calibrated against NIST-traceable references. Regular calibration ensures accurate field measurements, especially in QA, compliance, and research settings. Gaussmeters are used in magnet production, quality control, magnetic shielding assessment, and laboratory investigations of magnetic materials and fields.