forwarder

Forwarder is a term used in logistics and information technology to describe an entity or component that moves goods, data, or messages toward a destination. In logistics, a forwarder coordinates the shipment of goods on behalf of shippers, acting as an intermediary between the shipper and carriers. In information technology, a forwarder is a component that forwards data packets or messages along a network or system path based on routing rules or addressing.

In freight forwarding, the forwarder handles a range of services: selecting carriers, negotiating rates, and arranging multimodal transport; compiling and validating documentation such as the bill of lading, commercial invoice, packing list, and certificates of origin; arranging warehousing, packaging, labeling, and cargo insurance; and managing customs clearance, regulatory compliance, and track-and-trace updates. Freight forwarders may operate as brokers or as non-vessel-operating common carriers (NVOCCs).

In networking, the forwarding function is distinct from route calculation. A forwarder examines incoming packets or frames and, using a routing or switching table, forwards them toward their destination. In routers, the control plane computes routes, while the forwarding plane moves the traffic. Forwarders are also described in specialized domains such as wireless sensor networks or IoT, where certain nodes relay data toward a base station or gateway.

In software and data architecture, a forwarder may denote a component that forwards events, logs, or messages to downstream systems, ensuring delivery across services or domains.