forefootmidfoot

Forefoot-midfoot, sometimes written forefootmidfoot, is a term used in anatomy and clinical practice to describe the region of the foot that includes the forefoot and midfoot, located anterior to the hindfoot. It is not a strict anatomical unit with a single definition, but it is commonly used to refer to the bones, joints, and soft tissues from the tarsometatarsal joints forward to the toes.

The forefoot comprises the metatarsals and phalanges; the midfoot comprises the navicular, cuboid, and the three cuneiform bones. The forefoot-midfoot region includes the metatarsophalangeal joints and the tarsometatarsal joints, as well as supporting ligaments, plantar plates, and the arches that span these segments.

In gait, load travels from hindfoot to midfoot and forefoot, enabling propulsion via plantarflexion of the metatarsophalangeal joints. The windlass mechanism tightens the plantar fascia to raise the arch during toe-off, stabilizing the forefoot-midfoot against ground reaction forces.

Disorders affecting this region include metatarsalgia (pain under the ball of the foot), hallux valgus and other forefoot deformities that alter pressure distribution, Lisfranc injuries at the midfoot, and midfoot arthritis or collapse in flatfoot. Proper assessment considers alignment, arches, and load distribution.

Evaluation uses history, physical examination, and imaging (X-ray views, with MRI or CT as needed). Treatments range from footwear modification and orthotics to targeted physical therapy; severe deformities or instability can require surgical intervention to restore alignment and function.