extractie

Extractie is a general term for the removal of a substance from another material or from a mixture, typically using a separating agent such as a solvent. The concept is used across multiple disciplines, including chemistry, pharmacology, food technology, environmental science and dentistry. In broad terms, extraction involves transferring a component from one phase or matrix into another where it is more soluble or more easily isolated.

In chemistry and chemical engineering, extraction refers to moving a solute from one phase to another, often between a liquid solvent and a liquid or solid matrix. Liquid-liquid extraction uses two immiscible liquids, and the distribution coefficient describes how the solute partitions between them. Solid-liquid extraction involves leaching a solid with a solvent, using methods such as percolation or Soxhlet extraction. Advanced forms include supercritical fluid extraction, commonly with carbon dioxide, which can offer selectivity and environmental advantages. Solvent choice, temperature, and contact time influence efficiency and purity.

In dentistry, extractie refers to the removal of a tooth. Indications include severe decay, fracture, infection, crowding or periodontal disease. The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia; the tooth is loosened and removed with specialized tools, sometimes via surgical techniques. Post-extraction care emphasizes managing pain, controlling bleeding, and keeping the area clean to prevent infection, with possible complications such as prolonged bleeding or dry socket.

Beyond these areas, extractie also describes obtaining active compounds from plant material, or extracting data from documents and databases in information processing. The term derives from Latin extractio, “a drawing out,” and exists in related spellings across several languages, with context shaping its precise method and terminology.