excédents

Excédent is the amount by which revenue or output exceeds its use or requirement. In French, the term can denote a surplus in various domains: public finance, international trade, production, and accounting. The plural excédents is common when discussing multiple sources of surplus.

In public finances, excédent budgétaire occurs when tax revenue and other receipts exceed government spending during a period. It can be used to reduce public debt, build reserves, or fund future initiatives. Some countries set rules guiding how excédents are managed.

In international trade, an excédent commercial or trade surplus happens when a country exports more than it imports. This condition can influence exchange rates and economic policy, and its interpretation varies with context and duration.

In production or energy, excédents of production or energy refer to output not immediately consumed, leading to stock buildups, exports, or storage. In accounting, excédents may describe retained earnings or reserves that bolster a company's financial position.