epsilonaminocaproic

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid, commonly abbreviated as EACA and also known as 6-aminohexanoic acid, is a synthetic amino acid derivative that functions as an antifibrinolytic agent. It works by reversibly inhibiting plasminogen activation and plasmin activity, preventing the breakdown of fibrin clots. This mechanism helps reduce bleeding in conditions associated with hyperfibrinolysis or in surgical settings.

EACA is used to control or prevent bleeding in a variety of clinical contexts, including dental procedures in patients at risk of excessive bleeding, during certain orthopedic and cardiac surgeries, and in some cases of liver transplantation. It may be employed as an adjunct to factor replacement therapy in hemophilia with inhibitors when bleeding risk is elevated. The drug can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion, with dosing tailored to the individual and the clinical situation.

Pharmacokinetically, epsilon-aminocaproic acid is absorbed after oral administration and achieves peak plasma levels within a few hours. The elimination half-life in individuals with normal renal function is typically about two to three hours, and the drug is mainly excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Dose adjustments are recommended for patients with renal impairment.

Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. When given intravenously, rapid administration can cause hypotension and cardiovascular effects; other adverse reactions are possible but uncommon. EACA carries a risk of thromboembolic events, particularly with high doses or prolonged use. Contraindications include active intravascular clotting and known hypersensitivity to the drug. As with all antifibrinolytics, careful patient selection and dosing are essential, and medical guidance should be followed for specific indications and regimens.