epidemiologica
Epidemiologica is the study of how diseases and health-related events are distributed in populations and the determinants of these patterns, with the aim of preventing and controlling health problems. The term is used in some languages as the noun for the discipline of epidemiology or as an adjective meaning epidemiological.
The field describes health patterns by person, place, and time, identifies risk factors and protective factors,
Methods include observational study designs (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, ecological) and experimental designs when feasible; key measures
Data sources include vital statistics, disease registries, laboratory reports, surveys, and health records; analyses use statistics,
History and impact: rooted in 19th-century public health and cholera investigations, notably by John Snow; epidemiology
Limitations and ethics: observational designs are prone to bias and confounding; causal inference can be difficult;