elektrofyziológie

Elektrofyziológia is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves investigating how electrical potential changes across cell membranes and how these changes affect cellular function. This field is particularly crucial in understanding the nervous system, where electrical signals are the primary means of communication between neurons. Muscle cells also rely on electrical activity for contraction.

Key concepts in elektrofyziológie include membrane potential, which is the voltage difference across a cell membrane, and action potentials, which are rapid, transient changes in membrane potential that propagate along excitable cells like neurons and muscle fibers. Ion channels, protein molecules embedded in cell membranes, play a vital role in regulating the flow of ions across the membrane, thereby controlling these electrical phenomena.

Researchers in elektrofyziológia use specialized techniques and equipment, such as patch-clamp electrophysiology, to record and manipulate the electrical activity of single cells or small groups of cells. These studies help unravel the mechanisms underlying normal physiological processes and the origins of various diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiac arrhythmias, and epilepsy. Understanding elektrofyziológie is fundamental to developing new diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for a wide range of medical conditions.