ekologisme

Ekologisme, or ecologism, is a political and philosophical ideology that centers ecological concerns in public policy and everyday life. It holds that the health of natural systems underpins human well‑being and that societies must operate within the ecological limits of the planet. Proponents argue for protecting ecosystems, reducing pollution, and reorganizing economies and governance to reflect environmental constraints and intergenerational responsibility.

Ecologisme has roots in mid-20th‑century environmental movements and critiques of industrial growth. It is closely associated with green politics and environmentalism and encompasses a diversity of strands, including eco‑socialism, social ecologism, and deep ecology, which differ on questions of economy, technology, and social justice while sharing a commitment to ecological sustainability.

Policy ideas commonly associated with ecologisme include reforming energy systems toward renewables, promoting sustainable consumption and production, protecting biodiversity, and implementing ecological economics that accounts for environmental costs. Debates within ecologisme address the balance between growth and limits, the role of markets, and the design of democratic institutions that empower local communities and participatory decision making.

Critics argue that ecologisme can threaten economic growth, impose high transition costs, or constrain personal freedom. Supporters respond that sustainable pathways can create new jobs, reduce long‑term risks, and correct market failures that ignore environmental externalities. Ecologisme remains a broad, plural movement rather than a single doctrine, with varying strategies for policy, activism, and everyday life.