ecumenically

Ecumenically is an adverb describing actions that promote unity or cooperation among Christian churches. The term is derived from ecumenism, from the Greek oikoumenē “the inhabited world” and through Latin ecumenicus into English. In early Christianity, “ecumenical” described councils recognized by the whole church, such as the First Council of Nicaea (325) and others.

In modern usage, ecumenically refers to efforts to bridge doctrinal and administrative divisions between denominations and to work together in worship, mission, and social service. It emphasizes dialogue, shared witness, and common projects, while typically acknowledging ongoing differences in theology and practice.

The modern ecumenical movement began in the 19th and 20th centuries, with key milestones including international missionary and scholarly conferences and the founding of the World Council of Churches in 1948. Catholic and Orthodox participation has grown through bilateral and multilayer dialogues. Notable milestones include joint statements on doctrine, such as the 1999 Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification between the Catholic Church and the Lutheran World Federation. In Europe, instruments like the Charta Oecumenica (2001) have guided cross-denominational cooperation.

Ecumenically oriented work takes many forms, including interdenominational dialogues, joint worship services, collaborative humanitarian initiatives, and shared social advocacy. Critics raise concerns about doctrinal compromise or loss of church identity, while proponents view ecumenical engagement as a practical path to Christian unity and moral witness in a plural society.