domesticviolence

Domestic violence, also known as intimate partner violence (IPV), is a pattern of coercive behaviors used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another person. It can include physical, sexual, psychological or emotional, and economic abuse, as well as coercive control. It occurs in current or former dating or intimate relationships and among family members, affecting people of all genders and backgrounds.

Prevalence and dynamics: Domestic violence is often underreported due to fear, stigma, or safety concerns. It frequently involves cycles of escalation and control. Women are disproportionately affected by severe violence and homicide, but victims can be men or non-binary, and people in same-sex or transgender relationships may face additional barriers to help and protection.

Impact: Physical injuries, chronic pain, and reproductive health problems can result, along with mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Economic hardship, housing instability, and social isolation are common. Children exposed to domestic violence may experience behavioral, developmental, and long-term effects.

Response and protection: Victims may pursue safety planning, emergency shelter, medical care, and legal protections such as restraining orders. Law enforcement and courts prosecute offenses including assault, stalking, and harassment. Support services include hotlines, shelters, counseling, and legal aid; coordinated community responses improve outcomes.

Prevention and policy: Prevention emphasizes healthy relationship education, addressing gender norms, and economic supports for at-risk populations. Robust legal frameworks and services vary by country but aim to deter abuse and protect victims. International instruments and national laws guide response and prevention efforts.