doktrin

Doktrin is a formal set of principles, beliefs, or objectives that guide behavior in a given field. The term, from Latin doctrina, is used in many languages including Indonesian and Malay to translate "doctrine." A doktrin may apply to religion, military, law, or political ideology; it is normative guidance rather than a binding law or policy.

In the military, doctrine describes preferred methods for organizing, training, and employing forces, and typically covers tactics, operational concepts, and the relationship between units. It is often codified in field manuals and educational programs, but may also exist as tacit understanding developed through practice.

In politics and foreign policy, a doctrine articulates strategic aims, acceptable means, and responses to particular challenges. Notable examples include the Monroe Doctrine (opposing European colonization in the Americas) and the Truman Doctrine (containment of communism). Doctrines can influence alliance choices and crisis decisions.

In religion and philosophy, doctrine refers to official teachings or accepted truths that define a faith tradition, such as creeds or dogmas. Doctrines may be codified in authoritative texts but can be contested within communities, giving rise to reforms or new interpretations.

Because doctrines reflect historical contexts and power relations, they can change over time and may be criticized as ideological bias or political instruments as societies reinterpret their beliefs and interests.