disinsentif

Disincentive, also spelled disinsentif in some languages, is a factor that discourages a particular action or behavior by increasing its cost or reducing its appeal. It contrasts with an incentive, which aims to encourage a behavior by offering a benefit. In economics and public policy, disincentives are used to reduce undesirable activities without banning them outright. They can take the form of taxes or fines, reduced benefits, higher insurance premiums, or administrative burdens.

Disincentives can operate at the individual or organizational level and can be monetary or non-monetary. They are often part of a broader policy mix that includes incentives to promote preferred behaviors. The effectiveness of disincentives depends on the cost-benefit structure faced by individuals; if the perceived burden is small relative to the benefit, the disincentive may fail. Conversely, overly punitive disincentives can lead to unintended consequences, such as evasion or inequitable impacts on vulnerable groups.

In theory, disincentives shift the marginal decision in cost-benefit analysis, influencing choices along the spectrum of behavior. Policy designers compare disincentives to alternative tools—regulation, information campaigns, or subsidies—to achieve desired outcomes with acceptable side effects.