depleteduranium

Depleted uranium (DU) is uranium in which the proportion of the fissile isotope uranium-235 has been reduced through enrichment processes. It is produced as a byproduct of enriching natural uranium for reactors or weapons, and the remaining uranium is predominantly uranium-238. Typical DU contains about 0.2–0.3 percent U-235, with the rest mainly U-238. The designation “depleted” refers to the reduced U-235 content compared with natural uranium.

DU has a very high density, about 19.95 g/cm3, and displays good hardness and corrosion resistance. These properties make it useful in applications where mass and penetration are advantageous. DU is used in armor-piercing projectiles and armor plating, as well as in shielding for reactors, ballast for aircraft, and other industrial roles. In munitions, it is often formed into alloys or penetrator rods; when fired, its density enhances kinetic energy and penetration.

Health and environmental considerations focus on two pathways: radiological exposure and chemical toxicity. DU emits mainly alpha radiation; external exposure is usually low, but inhalation or ingestion of dust or embedded fragments can present health risks, particularly to the lungs and kidneys. The chemical toxicity of uranium can be a concern with long-term exposure. Environmental impacts depend on dispersion of particles and subsequent uptake by organisms. Regulations and safety guidelines from international bodies cover handling, storage, and cleanup, especially in areas affected by DU munitions or industrial use.

The topic remains debated in public and scientific discussions, with studies reporting varying degrees of risk and emphasizing different exposure scenarios and ecological contexts.