dehydrations

Dehydration is the condition that results from excessive water loss or insufficient fluid intake, reducing the body's ability to maintain normal function. The term also describes chemical processes in which water is removed from a substance. In humans, dehydration occurs when water loss exceeds intake, leading to impaired circulation, temperature regulation, and tissue function.

Common causes include diarrhea, vomiting, heavy sweating, fever, and inadequate fluid intake. Symptoms range from thirst, dry mouth, and dark urine to dizziness and fatigue; in severe cases, confusion, rapid heart rate, and fainting can occur. Infants and children may show sunken eyes, crying without tears, or poor skin elasticity.

Most mild to moderate dehydration can be managed with oral rehydration therapy, which provides fluids and electrolytes. Severe dehydration or inability to drink requires medical attention and intravenous fluids.

Prevention centers on regular fluid intake, especially during heat, illness, or intense exercise, and access to clean water. Early signs should prompt prompt fluid replacement and medical advice as needed.

In chemistry, dehydration is the removal of water from a molecule, typically by heating or catalytic action. It drives reactions such as dehydration synthesis, which forms larger molecules, and the dehydration of alcohols to alkenes.

The plural "dehydrations" thus covers both medical conditions and chemical processes.