czasownikiem

Czasownikiem is the instrumental singular form of the Polish noun czasownik, which means verb. It is used when the noun is in the instrumental case, often to indicate function or role in a sentence or in constructions describing how something is used or classified.

Czasownik (the base word) denotes a part of speech that expresses action, process or state and serves as the predicate in a clause. In Polish, verbs are highly inflected: finite forms mark person and number and appear in tenses (past, present, future), while nonfinite forms include infinitives, participles, and adverbial participles. Verbs also encode aspect, distinguishing completed (dokonany) from ongoing or habitual actions (niedokonany), and voice (active). They are organized into conjugation patterns that determine a large part of their endings.

The instrumental singular of czasownik is czasownikiem, and the plural instrumental is czasownikami. The noun is masculine and declines in all seven cases (e.g., nominative czasownik; genitive czasownika; dative czasownikowi; accusative czasownik; instrumental czasownikiem; locative czasowniku; vocative czasowniku). In linguistic use, czasownikiem appears in constructions indicating function or role, for instance after służyć jako, or in phrases that label a word’s grammatical category.