cystadenocarcinoma

Cystadenocarcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor characterized by cyst-forming structures lined by malignant glandular epithelium. The tumor arises from glandular or secretory epithelium and demonstrates invasion of the adjacent stroma. The term is used across multiple organs, most prominently for ovarian tumors known as serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinomas.

Ovarian cystadenocarcinomas account for a large share of malignant ovarian neoplasms. Serous cystadenocarcinomas are typically bilateral and may show psammoma bodies; mucinous cystadenocarcinomas tend to be unilateral and produce mucin. Other organ examples include pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and bile-duct or liver cystadenocarcinomas; these are treated according to site-specific guidelines.

Clinical presentation varies by site but often includes abdominal or pelvic mass, abdominal distention, pain, and, in ovarian cases, ascites. Imaging with ultrasound, CT, or MRI evaluates the cystic lesion; tumor markers such as CA-125 may be elevated in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, while mucinous pancreatic tumors may raise CEA or CA 19-9. Definitive diagnosis requires histopathologic examination showing malignant cell features and invasion.

Management depends on site and stage. In ovarian cancer, treatment typically involves complete or optimal cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. Pancreatic or biliary cystadenocarcinomas may be resectable with curative intent; adjuvant therapy is tailored to pathology and margins. Prognosis is strongly dependent on stage and grade; early-stage ovarian cystadenocarcinomas have better outcomes, whereas advanced disease carries a poorer prognosis.