controllori

Controllori is the plural of controllore in Italian, referring to devices or software components that govern the operation of other hardware or software elements. In information technology and automation, a controller acts as an intermediary that receives inputs, executes logic, and sends commands to managed components.

Hardware controllers include disk controllers, network controllers, USB controllers, memory controllers, and embedded controllers in consumer electronics. They typically handle protocol translation, data buffering, error detection, bus arbitration, and timing. Microcontrollers, while a separate category, embody a compact controller integrating CPU, memory, and peripherals for dedicated tasks. In industrial settings, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and motor controllers govern machines and processes.

Software controllers are components of software architecture that coordinate actions in response to events. In the Model-View-Controller design pattern, a controller processes user input, updates models, and selects views. In distributed systems, service controllers or orchestration controllers manage workflow, state, and resource allocation.

Etymology and usage: The term is standard in Italian technical literature and lab manuals. The English equivalent is controller or controller device, depending on context. The concept encompasses both hardware interfaces and software logic that regulate other system parts.