cobaltrelated

Cobaltrelated refers to topics connected with cobalt, a hard, silvery-blue transition metal with symbol Co and atomic number 27. In nature, cobalt occurs mainly in minerals and as a byproduct of copper and nickel mining. It is also an essential component of vitamin B12 (cobalamin), linking chemistry to biology and medicine.

In chemistry and materials science, cobalt forms compounds in common oxidation states of +2 and +3. It is widely used in catalysts, including cobalt-based systems for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and hydrocarbon processing. Cobalt serves as a binder in cemented carbides (tungsten carbide–cobalt) and plays a key role in many nickel–metal hydride and lithium-ion battery chemistries. Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) has long been a standard cathode material, while modern Li-ion batteries frequently employ mixed metal oxides that include cobalt (for example NMC and NCA formulations). Cobalt also appears in pigments such as cobalt blue (cobalt aluminate, CoAl2O4) and related colors, used in ceramics and paints.

Radioisotopes of cobalt have notable applications, with cobalt-60 used in medical radiotherapy, sterilization, and industrial gammac imaging. Ore deposits include cobaltite, erythrite, glaucodot, and others; major production centers are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Russia, and Canada. The cobalt supply chain raises ethical and environmental considerations due to mining practices, child labor concerns, and environmental impacts, prompting emphasis on responsible sourcing and recycling.

Biologically, cobalt is an essential trace element in small amounts, primarily as part of vitamin B12. Excess exposure can be toxic, and occupational safety measures address inhalation and dermal contact. Recycling of cobalt from spent batteries and electronic waste is increasingly important to secure supply and reduce environmental effects.