cijfering

Cijfering is a Dutch term with several related meanings centered on the idea of transforming information into a numeric or coded form. In cryptography, cijfering (enciphering) refers to converting plaintext into ciphertext using a cipher and a key. The purpose is to conceal the content from unauthorized readers. Decryption applies the reverse operation. Modern cijfering relies on mathematical algorithms rather than simple substitutions and depends on key management and protection. Symmetric cijfering uses the same key for encryption and decryption, while asymmetric cijfering uses a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. Well-known examples include AES for symmetric encryption and RSA for public‑key encryption. In Dutch usage, the term is often used interchangeably with encryptie or versleuteling, although cijfering emphasizes the transformation into coded form.

In education and assessment, cijfering refers to the assignment of a numerical grade to a student’s performance. The cijfer reflects how well learning objectives are met and influences transcript records and advancement. Grading scales typically range from 1 to 10, with the exact passing threshold and the weighting of components (exams, assignments, participation) varying by country, institution, and study level. Concerns in cijfering include reliability, fairness, and consistency, prompting practices aimed at standardizing grades across evaluators and over time.

Etymology: the term derives from the Dutch woord cijfer, meaning a number or digit, itself linked to historical terms for cipher or counting.