carpaletunnelsyndroom

The carpaletunnelsyndroom is a medical condition caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel at the wrist. The median nerve supplies sensation to the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger and controls several thumb muscles. When the nerve is compressed, people often experience numbness, tingling, and pain in the palm and fingers, especially at night. Weakness in grip and reduced fine motor function may also occur, which can affect daily tasks such as gripping or pinching.

Causes and risk factors include factors that reduce the space in the carpal tunnel or increase nerve sensitivity. Repetitive hand use, wrist flexion, vibrations from tools, and injury can contribute. Systemic conditions such as diabetes, obesity, thyroid disease, kidney disease, and rheumatoid arthritis also raise risk. Anatomical variations, a smaller carpal tunnel, or thickened ligaments can predispose individuals. Women and people aged 40 to 60 are more commonly affected.

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on history and physical examination. Tests such as Tinel sign and the Phalen maneuver may support the diagnosis. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography can confirm nerve compression and assess severity. Imaging, including ultrasound or MRI, is used mainly to exclude other conditions.

Treatment begins with conservative measures: wrist splints worn at night, activity modification, and anti-inflammatory medications. Corticosteroid injections may help some patients. If symptoms persist or there is significant nerve impairment, surgical release of the carpal tunnel—either open or endoscopic—may be recommended. Prognosis is generally favorable with appropriate treatment, though some individuals experience persistent or recurrent symptoms. Prevention focuses on ergonomic adjustments, regular breaks from repetitive tasks, proper wrist positioning, and control of underlying health conditions.