breadworm

Breadworm is a common name for the larval stage of certain pantry pests that infest stored bread and other dry foods. The term typically refers to the larvae of moths in the family Pyralidae, especially the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) and related Ephestia species, which are commonly found in households, bakeries, and food storage facilities. These larvae are pale, worm-like caterpillars with a darker head, usually 8–12 millimeters long when fully grown, and sometimes produce silk webs or frass as they feed.

Life cycle and behavior: Eggs are laid on or near food items. Larvae hatch and feed for several weeks to months, depending on temperature and food availability. They then pupate, often in the food product or in pantry crevices, and emerge as adults that mate and begin new generations. The presence of live larvae, webbing, or crumbled product can indicate an infestation.

Habitat and impact: Breadworms are cosmopolitan pests of stored foods, including bread, cereals, flour, pasta, nuts, dried fruits, and snacks. They are not a health hazard but can contaminate food and trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals; infestations can render products unusable.

Prevention and control: Best practice is to keep foods in sealed, airtight containers, store in cool, dry conditions, and rotate stock. Regular cleaning of shelves and vacuuming cracks helps. Infested items should be discarded, and noninfested products can be frozen to kill eggs and larvae. Pheromone traps may help monitor adult moths.