betuigd

Betuigd is the past participle of the Dutch verb betuigen, meaning to indicate, signal, demonstrate, or attest. In standard Dutch, betuigd is used to describe something that has been signaled or evidenced, or to denote that a statement, intention, or fact has been attested. The form is primarily found in formal, legal, academic, or literary language; in everyday speech speakers more often use synonyms such as aangetoond or getoond, depending on the nuance.

Etymology and form: Betuigen derives from Dutch linguistic roots common to Germanic languages, with betuigd functioning as the participial form used in perfect tenses or adjectival use. As an adjective, betuigd indicates that an assertion or piece of information has been corroborated or officially acknowledged.

Usage and nuances: Betuigd appears most often in texts that aim to be precise or formal, such as court documents, archival notes, or interpretive scholarly writing. It can modify a noun as an attributive adjective (een betuigde verklaring, an attested statement) or appear in verbal constructions with a perfect auxiliary (de conclusie werd betuigd door de gegevens, the conclusion was attested by the data).

Related terms include betuigen (to indicate or attest), betuiging (indication or attestation), and getuigden (testified). While betuigd is correct Dutch, its use is comparatively restrained and may sound archaic or journalistic in contemporary everyday language.