belirtirken

Belirtirken is a Turkish adverbial participle (zarf-fiil) formed from the verb belirtmek, meaning to indicate or to point out. The form combines the verb stem belirt- with the suffix -ken, yielding a clause that can be translated as “while indicating” or “when indicating.” It is used to introduce actions or circumstances that occur concurrently with the action of the main clause, expressing time or manner.

Grammatical function and usage notes: As a zarf-fiil, belirtirken typically forms an adverbial clause that relates to the main verb of the sentence. In most sentences, the subject of the zarf-fiil clause is the same as the subject of the main clause, though Turkish grammar allows the subject to be specified or clarified if needed. The form conveys simultaneity rather than purpose or result and is common in descriptive writing, narration, and formal discourse.

Examples:

- Görüşlerini belirtirken nazik olun. (Be polite while stating your views.)

- Bir sorunla karşılaşıldığında, çözümleri belirtirken adımları sırayla gösterin. (When a problem occurs, indicate the solutions and show the steps in order.)

- Raporu sunarken bulguları belirtin ve kaynakları da gösterin. (When presenting the report, specify the findings and also cite the sources.)

Notes: The -ken form is one of several zarf-fiiller Turkish uses to add adverbial information. It expresses time or manner and does not, on its own, determine the tense of the main clause—the tense is indicated by the verb of the main clause. In written Turkish, belirtirken appears most often in formal, explanatory, or narrative contexts.