atenuovaných

Atenuados is a term derived from the Latin word "attenuare," meaning to weaken or reduce. In various contexts, it signifies a diminished or lessened state of something.

In biology and medicine, attenuated vaccines are a type of live vaccine that contains weakened forms of a pathogen. These weakened pathogens are not capable of causing severe disease in healthy individuals but are still able to stimulate an immune response. This exposure to a weakened pathogen primes the immune system to recognize and fight off future infections by the actual, more virulent form of the pathogen. Examples include the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine and the varicella (chickenpox) vaccine.

In acoustics, attenuated sound refers to sound waves that have lost intensity as they travel through a medium or encounter obstacles. This reduction in sound pressure can be due to absorption, scattering, or spreading. For instance, sound heard from a distance is attenuated compared to the sound produced at its source.

The concept of attenuation also appears in physics, particularly in the context of electromagnetic waves. Signal attenuation is the loss of signal strength over distance or due to interference. This is a critical consideration in telecommunications, where engineers design systems to minimize signal loss and ensure reliable communication.