alveolusdarah

Alveolusdarah is not a widely recognized term in standard medical vocabulary. In Indonesian and Malay usage, alveolus refers to the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, and darah means blood. The combined form may be encountered informally to describe blood within the alveolar spaces, most often in reference to alveolar hemorrhage, or as a loose way of pointing to the blood–air interface in the alveolar region. In formal medical usage, conditions of bleeding into the lungs are described as alveolar or pulmonary hemorrhage rather than by the term alveolusdarah.

If alveolusdarah is intended to describe alveolar hemorrhage, the underlying issue is rupture or increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier. This allows red blood cells to leak from pulmonary capillaries into the alveolar spaces, potentially impairing gas exchange and leading to anemia with ongoing blood loss. The condition can occur acutely or chronically depending on the cause and severity.

Common causes include small-vessel vasculitis (for example, anti–GBM disease or ANCA-associated vasculitides), immune-mediated inflammatory processes, infectious diseases, coagulopathies, certain drugs, and trauma. Patients typically present with coughing up blood (hemoptysis), shortness of breath, chest pain, and signs of hypoxemia. Diagnosis relies on imaging such as chest X-ray or CT showing diffuse or focal alveolar infiltrates, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrating progressively bloodier samples, and laboratory tests to identify underlying etiologies.

Management focuses on treating the root cause, providing respiratory support, and, when indicated, immunosuppressive therapy (corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents) or plasmapheresis in specific vasculitic conditions. Because “alveolusdarah” is not standard terminology, clinicians usually describe the condition as alveolar or pulmonary hemorrhage and base management on established diagnostic and treatment guidelines.