Vertrauensfrage

Vertrauensfrage, literally “motion of confidence,” is a constitutional instrument in parliamentary systems, most notably in Germany, by which the federal chancellor can seek a vote of confidence from the Bundestag to confirm the government’s ability to govern.

Legal basis: In the German Basic Law (Grundgesetz), Article 68 provides for a Vertrauensfrage. The chancellor may submit the question to the Bundestag; if a majority of the Bundestag supports the motion, the government maintains power; if the motion fails, the chancellor typically resigns and the President may initiate steps leading to new elections or a reconfiguration of the government.

Purpose and practice: The instrument is used to test whether the government still has majority support, especially after cabinet reshuffles or crises. It is often employed to solidify political backing for a policy package; its use is politically risky and can trigger governmental change without a regular election if support cannot be regained.

Political significance: A Vertrauensfrage is a high-stakes tool that signals the government’s need for clear backing from the legislature. While it can help to legitimize a policy program, its failure can destabilize a government and precipitate a change in leadership or electoral decisions. Critics view it as a blunt instrument that can undermine party discipline, while supporters argue it clarifies genuine legislative support for the government’s course.