Unjust

Unjust is an adjective used to describe actions, decisions, or systems that violate principles of justice or fairness. It denotes a lack of equality, rights, due process, or moral rightness. The term contrasts with just, fair, or rightful.

Etymology and usage: The word arises from the prefix un- added to just, from Middle English unjust, via Old French juste, from Latin iustus meaning lawful. The negative form appeared in English by the 13th century. In everyday language, unjust can apply to individual conduct as well as institutional policies or social arrangements.

In law and ethics: In legal and philosophical contexts, unjust is used to critique laws, penalties, or policies that discriminate, oppress, or deprive individuals of fair treatment. Some thinkers distinguish between what is legally permissible and what is morally just, arguing that a law can be valid yet unjust. The concept also appears in discussions of unjust enrichment, where a person benefits at another’s expense without a legitimate justification, potentially giving rise to restitution or other remedies.

Examples and implications: Examples of unjust situations include discriminatory practices, corroded due process, or policies that systematically disadvantage certain groups. The term is commonly employed in political rhetoric and moral philosophy to advocate reform, redress, or resistance to oppression.

See also: justice, fairness, due process, human rights, legal ethics, and restorative justice.