UXO

Unexploded ordnance (UXO) refers to explosive weapons that did not detonate as intended and remain capable of causing harm. UXO can include bombs, artillery shells, rockets, grenades, mortars, fuzes, and other explosive devices. In some contexts, remnants from cluster munitions or landmines that failed to detonate are also described as UXO. They may be found in former battlefields, war zones, training areas, or coastal and populated areas affected by conflict.

UXO poses a long-term danger because it can explode if disturbed, damaged, or subjected to pressure, heat, or percussion. Hazards persist long after active fighting ends and can be worsened by corrosion or improper handling. Common signs of UXO include damaged munitions, unexploded projectiles, or metallic fragments sticking out of the ground or water.

Public safety guidance emphasizes not touching or moving any suspicious object, marking the area, keeping others away, and reporting it to local authorities or emergency services. Do not attempt to dispose of UXO yourself.

Clearance and risk reduction are carried out by Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) teams and mine action organizations. They conduct surveys, excavations, and controlled detonations as needed. Detection methods include metal detectors, ground-penetrating radar, magnetometers, and trained dogs or robotic tools. Risk education and victim assistance are essential components of clearance programs.

International cooperation under organizations such as UNMAS and various non-governmental organizations supports clearance, demining, and prevention efforts to reduce UXO-related casualties and enable safe land use.