Trout

Trout are a group of freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae, encompassing numerous species and forms. The term is commonly used for various salmonids that inhabit cool rivers and lakes, and some populations migrate to the sea. Scientifically, trout can belong to several genera, including Oncorhynchus, Salmo, and Salvelinus.

Common species include rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (Salmo trutta), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii), and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Although called trout, brook trout is a char and belongs to a different genus. Trout exhibit a range of life histories, from cold-water residents to anadromous forms that spend parts of their life at sea.

Habitat and biology: Most trout prefer clean, well-oxygenated water in rivers, streams, and lakes with cool temperatures. Many form migratory runs, moving between freshwater and coastal or open waters. Reproduction typically occurs in gravel beds where females lay eggs that hatch into alevins; juveniles are called fry and later become fingerlings or parr before reaching adulthood. Diet varies with size and species, including aquatic insects, crustaceans, and smaller fish.

Human use and management: Trout are valued for recreational fishing and are important in commercial aquaculture, especially rainbow trout, which are widely farmed. Populations face pressures from habitat loss, water pollution, overfishing, and invasive species. Management measures such as habitat restoration, catch limits, and stocking programs aim to sustain wild stocks and support aquaculture.