Trening

Trening is a planned and systematic process aimed at improving performance, skills, or fitness through structured practice and feedback. The term is used in several languages, including Polish, Norwegian, and Danish, to denote both physical training and training in skills or professions. In sports and physical education, trening commonly involves setting objectives, monitoring workload, and progressively increasing demands to stimulate adaptation.

Key elements include frequency (how often), intensity (how hard), duration (how long), and recovery. Training methods vary by goal and may include resistance training to raise strength, aerobic work for cardiovascular fitness, interval training to improve speed and efficiency, flexibility work, and sport- or task-specific drills. Periodization is a common planning approach, dividing work into macro-, meso-, and microcycles with phases such as preparation, peak performance, and rest or transition.

The core principles of trening include specificity (training should reflect the target activity), overload (increasing demands over time), progression (gradual changes), variation (to prevent plateau and reduce injury risk), individualization (tailoring to the person), and adequate recovery.

Beyond physical fitness, trening is also used for education and workforce development, referring to training programs, vocational training, and skills development through practice, mentoring, and simulations.